Kriminologie. Kriminologische Forschung. Messung von Kriminalität
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Aktuelle und verlässliche statistische Nachweise über Struktur und Entwicklung der registrierten Kriminalität, über die Tätigkeit der Instanzen der Strafverfolgung, über die verhängten Rechtsfolgen und über deren Auswirkungen im Sinne der Legalbewährung sind unerlässliche Grundlage für staatliche Planung, Entscheidung, Organisation und Kontrolle. Neben der Aufgabe, statistisches Zahlenmaterial für Parlament, Regierung und Verwaltung zur Verfügung zu stellen, dienen amtliche Datensammlungen auf dem Gebiet der Strafrechtspflege auch dazu, für Öffentlichkeit und Wissenschaft relevantes Informationsmaterial zu liefern. In diesem Band werden die Defizite des bestehenden kriminalstatistischen Systems in Deutschland anschaulich dargestellt. Expertinnen und Experten aus England und Wales, Schweden und der Schweiz berichten über Lösungen im Bereich der Kriminalstatistik, welche in gewisser Weise auch als Vorbilder für eine Reform des Systems der Kriminalstatistik in Deutschland in Betracht kommen. Schließlich werden Möglichkeiten der Verschlüsselung von Personendaten für Forschungszwecke erläutert. Die Beiträge sind aus einer Fachtagung der Kriminologischen Zentralstelle (KrimZ) und des Rates für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD) hervorgegangen, die im April 2008 in Berlin stattfand.
Since the beginnings of criminal statistics in the early 19th century their use as instruments for measuring the true amount of crime has been controversial. Nevertheless, they are still important up to the present day. These data are used to justify policies, to decide on measures of crime prevention and crime control and to make statements about the working of the criminal justice system. With the world closing up and Europe growing together, not only economic or social comparisons are needed, but there also exists a demand to compare the developments of criminality as well as the criminal policies and the criminal justice systems of different countries. A workshop organized by the editors and titled "Improving Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics - National and International Perspectives", which took place on the 11th International Congress on Criminology in Budapest in August 1993, brought together international experts to discuss the topic. The editors asked the contributors to answer the following questions in regard to their respective national situation: (1) Are there any statistics covering the whole area of police and criminal justice in the respective countries? (2) Are there any partial statistics, and if so, how are they connected? Are they compatible?(3) What can be said about reliability and value of data of statistics? (4) What will be the future developments regarding survey modes and computerization of data collection and evaluation? How can the availability of the data be improved? (5) How far can official statistics in future be replaced or complemented by victim surveys and microcensus? (6) Is it possible to establish international comparability/compatability of national statistics? This volume contains most of the papers presented at the conference and revised for this publication as well as some complementary contributions by other authors. After an introductory chapter, which describes the initial position and the present difficulties of the national criminal statistics and of their international comparability, the situation in several West and East European countries is shown. This is supplemented by reports from Africa as an example of developing countries and from Canada as an example of a non-European developed country. A concluding chapter discusses problems of international comparability and of concrete initiatives to carry out such comparisons.